Sharing knowledge about CNC machine tools: Development trends of CNC machine tool technology

High speed, composite, intelligent, and green are the overall trends in the development of CNC machine tool technology. In recent years, gratifying achievements have been made in practical and industrial aspects. Mainly manifested in:

1. Further expansion of machine tool composite technology With the advancement of CNC machine tool technology, composite processing technology is becoming increasingly mature, including milling turning composite, turning milling composite, turning boring drilling gear processing, turning grinding composite, forming composite processing, special composite processing, etc. The accuracy and efficiency of composite processing are greatly improved. The concepts of "one machine tool is a processing plant" and "one-time card loading, complete processing" are being accepted by more people, and the development of composite machining machine tools is showing a diversified trend.

2. There have been new breakthroughs in intelligent technology for CNC machine tools, which have been reflected in the performance of CNC systems. For example, functions such as automatic adjustment of interference and collision prevention, automatic exit of the workpiece from the safe zone after power failure, power-off protection, detection and automatic compensation learning of machined parts, intelligent parameter selection of high-precision machined parts, and automatic elimination of machine tool vibration during the machining process have entered the practical stage. Intelligence has improved the functionality and quality of machine tools.

3. Robots make flexible combination more efficient. The flexible combination of robots and hosts has been widely used, making flexible lines more flexible, expanding their functions, shortening them, and increasing efficiency. Various forms of flexible units and flexible production lines, including robots, machining centers, turning and milling composite machines, grinders, gear processing machines, tool grinders, electrical machining machines, sawing machines, stamping machines, laser processing machines, water cutting machines, etc., have begun to be applied.

4. There have been new advances in processing technology, and the machining accuracy of CNC metal cutting machines has been improved from the original wire level (0.01mm) to the current micrometer level (0.001mm), with some varieties reaching around 0.05 μ m. The micro cutting and grinding processing of ultra precision CNC machine tools can achieve a stable accuracy of about 0.05 μ m and a shape accuracy of about 0.01 μ m. The precision of special processing using energy sources such as light, electricity, and chemistry can reach the nanometer level (0.001 μ m). By optimizing the design of machine tool structures, ultra precision machining and precision assembly of machine tool components, adopting high-precision fully closed-loop control and dynamic error compensation technologies such as temperature and vibration, the geometric accuracy of machine tool machining is improved, and form and position errors, surface roughness, etc. are reduced, thus entering the era of sub micron and nanometer level ultra precision machining.

5. The performance of functional components continues to improve, and they are developing towards high speed, high precision, high power, and intelligence, achieving mature applications. The promotion and application of fully digital AC servo motors and drive devices, high-tech electric spindles, torque motors, linear motors, high-performance linear rolling components, high-precision spindle units and other functional components greatly improve the technical level of CNC machine tools.

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